Electrochemical sensors for in-situ measurement of ions in seawater

• CTD probes are the preamble for current in-situ seawater monitoring. Relevant species to measure in seawater: trace metals, nutrients and carbon species. Electrochemical sensors last five years analysis. Lack of applications. Learning from panorama advance field. In water monitoring panorama, certain benefits expected arise when modus operandum analysis shifts sampling-based purely approaches. Since appearance first submersible conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) probe 80 s, clear efforts move towards decentralized strategies have been reported literature, with some having even brought stage fruitful commercialization. Among portfolio available analytical techniques, only a handful approaches offer potential implementation devices, terms adequate features, autonomy, feasibility miniaturization, ease portability. demonstrated excellent characteristics this purpose, particularly detection ions. The present review analyses electrochemical that shown an aptitude measurements ions, including nutrients, seawater. previous 5 selected as main period review, although instances comment is made upon earlier contributions field or commercialized where these deemed exemplify crucial technological advancements. There notable lack being deployed applications, scarcity more stark considered: very few cases under such challenging conditions. With aim providing inspiration genuine advances analysis, work also highlights laboratory scale research well studies concerning other environmental waters than